Key Words: Financial agreements; de facto partners; Part VIIIA and Part VIIIAB financial agreement; validity of certificate of legal advice
Introduction
In Piper & Mueller [2015] FamCAFC 241 (18 December 2015) the Full Court of the Family Court (Ryan, Murphy & Aldridge JJ) heard an appeal against Judge Willis’ decision in Piper & Mueller [2014] FCCA 2659.
This appeal addressed the issue of having two separate agreements co-exist within the one document. It was put forward by Piper that a de facto agreement pursuant to s 90UC o the Family Law Act 1975 could not exist within the same document as an agreement upon marriage pursuant to s 90B. Ryan & Aldridge JJ provided a detailed reasoning to the contrary for dismissing Mr Piper’s appeal. They found that whilst both agreements could be found to co-exist in the same document, it was clarified that only one agreement would have operative effect at any given time, therefore, upon marriage the de facto agreement would cease to have effect.
Reasoning at First Instance
At first instance, it was held that an agreement made under both s 90UC and s 90B of the Family Law Act 1975 binding under s 90UJ (1A). Mr Piper unsuccessfully argued that the agreement could not have been validly made pursuant to both sections of the Act, therefore, the agreement was defective as the certified legal advice referred to the “advantages or otherwise” of the agreement as opposed to “the advantages and disadvantages” of entering into the agreement required by s 90UJ.
Reasoning at the Appeal
Ryan & Aldridge JJ expressed that there was no apparent issue between people being in a de facto relationship and also contemplating marriage. Subject to certain provisions of the Family Law Act it was possible to have a single agreement deal with the distribution of their assets upon breakdown of their de facto relationship or the ending of their subsequent marriage. Both judges were, however, of the view that financial agreements under Parts VIIIA and VIIIAB are different.
It was evident in this case the parties were in a de facto relationship and accordingly entitled to enter into a financial agreement under s 90UC. In addition to this, they were contemplating marriage which further entitled them to enter into a binding financial agreement pursuant to s 90B. The pivotal fact in relation to these circumstances is that the two financial agreements can exist concurrently and in the one document.
This was reinforced by the fact that only one of these financial agreements could have operative effect at any one time. This is demonstrated as the s 90B financial agreement would operate in the event of a marriage breakdown in accordance with s 90B (2) (a), which requires a prior marriage to have existed.
Alternatively, an agreement under s 90UC ceases to be binding on parties getting married in accordance with s 90UJ (3). Ryan & Aldridge JJ expressed the view that it is possible for both agreements to co-exist, however, upon entering in to a marriage, the operation of the de facto agreement pursuant to s 90UC becomes null and void, leaving the s 90B financial agreement operational. This indicates that the two agreements are complimentary as opposed to exclusionary as both may be binding on parties at the time of execution, however, only one can have operative effect at any given time.
Decision at the Full Court
Ryan & Aldridge JJ further addressed the issue of providing different types of advice in accordance with each agreement. They were both of the view that there was no reason why both types of advice could not be given to a party prior to signing a document containing both s 90UC and s 90B agreements. Murphy J delivered a different reasoning but agreed that “nothing within the legislation precludes a financial agreement from including both s 90B and s 90UC agreements”. On this basis, the appeal was dismissed with costs.